Each candle tells a short story about the fight between buyers and sellers during that period. You do not need to know dozens of named patterns. These six cover most of what is useful, and all of them only matter at the right location: a key level, in the direction of the trend.
1. Pin bar (hammer / shooting star)
A small body with a long wick on one side. A long lower wick at support shows that sellers pushed price down and buyers rejected it strongly. Entry above the high of the candle, stop below the wick.
2. Engulfing candle
A candle whose body completely covers the previous candle's body in the opposite direction. A bullish engulfing at support signals a shift in control to buyers.
3. Inside bar
A candle whose high and low are within the previous candle's range. It shows a pause. Trade the breakout of the mother bar in the direction of the trend.
4. Doji
Open and close almost equal: indecision. On its own it means little; at a major level after a strong move, it can warn of a turn. Wait for the next candle to confirm.
5. Strong momentum candle
A large body with small wicks closing near its extreme. It shows conviction. A momentum candle breaking a level is often the start of a move, not the end.
6. Rejection of a breakout (fakeout)
Price breaks a level, then closes back inside it. Trapped breakout traders often have to exit, fuelling a move in the opposite direction.